// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

package log // import "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log"

import (
	"slices"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"
	"unicode/utf8"

	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/internal/global"
	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log"
	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/instrumentation"
	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
)

// attributesInlineCount is the number of attributes that are efficiently
// stored in an array within a Record. This value is borrowed from slog which
// performed a quantitative survey of log library use and found this value to
// cover 95% of all use-cases (https://go.dev/blog/slog#performance).
const attributesInlineCount = 5

var logAttrDropped = sync.OnceFunc(func() {
	global.Warn("limit reached: dropping log Record attributes")
})

var logKeyValuePairDropped = sync.OnceFunc(func() {
	global.Warn("key duplication: dropping key-value pair")
})

// uniquePool is a pool of unique attributes used for attributes de-duplication.
var uniquePool = sync.Pool{
	New: func() any { return new([]log.KeyValue) },
}

func getUnique() *[]log.KeyValue {
	return uniquePool.Get().(*[]log.KeyValue)
}

func putUnique(v *[]log.KeyValue) {
	// To reduce peak allocation.
	const maxUniqueSize = 1028
	if cap(*v) <= maxUniqueSize {
		*v = (*v)[:0]
		uniquePool.Put(v)
	}
}

// indexPool is a pool of index maps used for attributes de-duplication.
var indexPool = sync.Pool{
	New: func() any { return make(map[string]int) },
}

func getIndex() map[string]int {
	return indexPool.Get().(map[string]int)
}

func putIndex(index map[string]int) {
	clear(index)
	indexPool.Put(index)
}

// seenPool is a pool of seen keys used for maps de-duplication.
var seenPool = sync.Pool{
	New: func() any { return make(map[string]struct{}) },
}

func getSeen() map[string]struct{} {
	return seenPool.Get().(map[string]struct{})
}

func putSeen(seen map[string]struct{}) {
	clear(seen)
	seenPool.Put(seen)
}

// Record is a log record emitted by the Logger.
// A log record with non-empty event name is interpreted as an event record.
//
// Do not create instances of Record on your own in production code.
// You can use [go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log/logtest.RecordFactory]
// for testing purposes.
type Record struct {
	// Do not embed the log.Record. Attributes need to be overwrite-able and
	// deep-copying needs to be possible.

	eventName         string
	timestamp         time.Time
	observedTimestamp time.Time
	severity          log.Severity
	severityText      string
	body              log.Value

	// The fields below are for optimizing the implementation of Attributes and
	// AddAttributes. This design is borrowed from the slog Record type:
	// https://cs.opensource.google/go/go/+/refs/tags/go1.22.0:src/log/slog/record.go;l=20

	// Allocation optimization: an inline array sized to hold
	// the majority of log calls (based on examination of open-source
	// code). It holds the start of the list of attributes.
	front [attributesInlineCount]log.KeyValue

	// The number of attributes in front.
	nFront int

	// The list of attributes except for those in front.
	// Invariants:
	//   - len(back) > 0 if nFront == len(front)
	//   - Unused array elements are zero-ed. Used to detect mistakes.
	back []log.KeyValue

	// dropped is the count of attributes that have been dropped when limits
	// were reached.
	dropped int

	traceID    trace.TraceID
	spanID     trace.SpanID
	traceFlags trace.TraceFlags

	// resource represents the entity that collected the log.
	resource *resource.Resource

	// scope is the Scope that the Logger was created with.
	scope *instrumentation.Scope

	attributeValueLengthLimit int
	attributeCountLimit       int

	// specifies whether we should deduplicate any key value collections or not
	allowDupKeys bool

	noCmp [0]func() //nolint: unused  // This is indeed used.
}

func (r *Record) addDropped(n int) {
	r.dropped += n
	if n > 0 {
		logAttrDropped()
	}
}

// EventName returns the event name.
// A log record with non-empty event name is interpreted as an event record.
func (r *Record) EventName() string {
	return r.eventName
}

// SetEventName sets the event name.
// A log record with non-empty event name is interpreted as an event record.
func (r *Record) SetEventName(s string) {
	r.eventName = s
}

// Timestamp returns the time when the log record occurred.
func (r *Record) Timestamp() time.Time {
	return r.timestamp
}

// SetTimestamp sets the time when the log record occurred.
func (r *Record) SetTimestamp(t time.Time) {
	r.timestamp = t
}

// ObservedTimestamp returns the time when the log record was observed.
func (r *Record) ObservedTimestamp() time.Time {
	return r.observedTimestamp
}

// SetObservedTimestamp sets the time when the log record was observed.
func (r *Record) SetObservedTimestamp(t time.Time) {
	r.observedTimestamp = t
}

// Severity returns the severity of the log record.
func (r *Record) Severity() log.Severity {
	return r.severity
}

// SetSeverity sets the severity level of the log record.
func (r *Record) SetSeverity(level log.Severity) {
	r.severity = level
}

// SeverityText returns severity (also known as log level) text. This is the
// original string representation of the severity as it is known at the source.
func (r *Record) SeverityText() string {
	return r.severityText
}

// SetSeverityText sets severity (also known as log level) text. This is the
// original string representation of the severity as it is known at the source.
func (r *Record) SetSeverityText(text string) {
	r.severityText = text
}

// Body returns the body of the log record.
func (r *Record) Body() log.Value {
	return r.body
}

// SetBody sets the body of the log record.
func (r *Record) SetBody(v log.Value) {
	if !r.allowDupKeys {
		r.body = r.dedupeBodyCollections(v)
	} else {
		r.body = v
	}
}

// WalkAttributes walks all attributes the log record holds by calling f for
// each on each [log.KeyValue] in the [Record]. Iteration stops if f returns false.
func (r *Record) WalkAttributes(f func(log.KeyValue) bool) {
	for i := 0; i < r.nFront; i++ {
		if !f(r.front[i]) {
			return
		}
	}
	for _, a := range r.back {
		if !f(a) {
			return
		}
	}
}

// AddAttributes adds attributes to the log record.
// Attributes in attrs will overwrite any attribute already added to r with the same key.
func (r *Record) AddAttributes(attrs ...log.KeyValue) {
	n := r.AttributesLen()
	if n == 0 {
		// Avoid the more complex duplicate map lookups below.
		var drop int
		if !r.allowDupKeys {
			attrs, drop = dedup(attrs)
			if drop > 0 {
				logKeyValuePairDropped()
			}
		}

		attrs, drop := head(attrs, r.attributeCountLimit)
		r.addDropped(drop)

		r.addAttrs(attrs)
		return
	}

	if !r.allowDupKeys {
		// Use a slice from the pool to avoid modifying the original.
		// Note, do not iterate attrs twice by just calling dedup(attrs) here.
		unique := getUnique()
		defer putUnique(unique)

		// Used to find duplicates between attrs and existing attributes in r.
		rIndex := r.attrIndex()
		defer putIndex(rIndex)

		// Used to find duplicates within attrs itself.
		// The index value is the index of the element in unique.
		uIndex := getIndex()
		defer putIndex(uIndex)

		dropped := 0

		// Deduplicate attrs within the scope of all existing attributes.
		for _, a := range attrs {
			// Last-value-wins for any duplicates in attrs.
			idx, found := uIndex[a.Key]
			if found {
				dropped++
				logKeyValuePairDropped()
				(*unique)[idx] = a
				continue
			}

			idx, found = rIndex[a.Key]
			if found {
				// New attrs overwrite any existing with the same key.
				dropped++
				logKeyValuePairDropped()
				if idx < 0 {
					r.front[-(idx + 1)] = a
				} else {
					r.back[idx] = a
				}
			} else {
				// Unique attribute.
				(*unique) = append(*unique, a)
				uIndex[a.Key] = len(*unique) - 1
			}
		}

		if dropped > 0 {
			attrs = make([]log.KeyValue, len(*unique))
			copy(attrs, *unique)
		}
	}

	if r.attributeCountLimit > 0 && n+len(attrs) > r.attributeCountLimit {
		// Truncate the now unique attributes to comply with limit.
		//
		// Do not use head(attrs, r.attributeCountLimit - n) here. If
		// (r.attributeCountLimit - n) <= 0 attrs needs to be emptied.
		last := max(0, r.attributeCountLimit-n)
		r.addDropped(len(attrs) - last)
		attrs = attrs[:last]
	}

	r.addAttrs(attrs)
}

// attrIndex returns an index map for all attributes in the Record r. The index
// maps the attribute key to location the attribute is stored. If the value is
// < 0 then -(value + 1) (e.g. -1 -> 0, -2 -> 1, -3 -> 2) represents the index
// in r.nFront. Otherwise, the index is the exact index of r.back.
//
// The returned index is taken from the indexPool. It is the callers
// responsibility to return the index to that pool (putIndex) when done.
func (r *Record) attrIndex() map[string]int {
	index := getIndex()
	for i := 0; i < r.nFront; i++ {
		key := r.front[i].Key
		index[key] = -i - 1 // stored in front: negative index.
	}
	for i := 0; i < len(r.back); i++ {
		key := r.back[i].Key
		index[key] = i // stored in back: positive index.
	}
	return index
}

// addAttrs adds attrs to the Record r. This does not validate any limits or
// duplication of attributes, these tasks are left to the caller to handle
// prior to calling.
func (r *Record) addAttrs(attrs []log.KeyValue) {
	var i int
	for i = 0; i < len(attrs) && r.nFront < len(r.front); i++ {
		a := attrs[i]
		r.front[r.nFront] = r.applyAttrLimitsAndDedup(a)
		r.nFront++
	}

	// Make a copy to avoid modifying the original.
	j := len(r.back)
	r.back = slices.Grow(r.back, len(attrs[i:]))
	r.back = append(r.back, attrs[i:]...)
	for i, a := range r.back[j:] {
		r.back[i+j] = r.applyAttrLimitsAndDedup(a)
	}
}

// SetAttributes sets (and overrides) attributes to the log record.
func (r *Record) SetAttributes(attrs ...log.KeyValue) {
	var drop int
	r.dropped = 0
	if !r.allowDupKeys {
		attrs, drop = dedup(attrs)
		if drop > 0 {
			logKeyValuePairDropped()
		}
	}

	attrs, drop = head(attrs, r.attributeCountLimit)
	r.addDropped(drop)

	r.nFront = 0
	var i int
	for i = 0; i < len(attrs) && r.nFront < len(r.front); i++ {
		a := attrs[i]
		r.front[r.nFront] = r.applyAttrLimitsAndDedup(a)
		r.nFront++
	}

	r.back = slices.Clone(attrs[i:])
	for i, a := range r.back {
		r.back[i] = r.applyAttrLimitsAndDedup(a)
	}
}

// head returns the first n values of kvs along with the number of elements
// dropped. If n is less than or equal to zero, kvs is returned with 0.
func head(kvs []log.KeyValue, n int) (out []log.KeyValue, dropped int) {
	if n > 0 && len(kvs) > n {
		return kvs[:n], len(kvs) - n
	}
	return kvs, 0
}

// dedup deduplicates kvs front-to-back with the last value saved.
func dedup(kvs []log.KeyValue) (unique []log.KeyValue, dropped int) {
	if len(kvs) <= 1 {
		return kvs, 0 // No deduplication needed.
	}

	index := getIndex()
	defer putIndex(index)
	u := getUnique()
	defer putUnique(u)
	for _, a := range kvs {
		idx, found := index[a.Key]
		if found {
			dropped++
			(*u)[idx] = a
		} else {
			*u = append(*u, a)
			index[a.Key] = len(*u) - 1
		}
	}

	if dropped == 0 {
		return kvs, 0
	}

	unique = make([]log.KeyValue, len(*u))
	copy(unique, *u)
	return unique, dropped
}

// AttributesLen returns the number of attributes in the log record.
func (r *Record) AttributesLen() int {
	return r.nFront + len(r.back)
}

// DroppedAttributes returns the number of attributes dropped due to limits
// being reached.
func (r *Record) DroppedAttributes() int {
	return r.dropped
}

// TraceID returns the trace ID or empty array.
func (r *Record) TraceID() trace.TraceID {
	return r.traceID
}

// SetTraceID sets the trace ID.
func (r *Record) SetTraceID(id trace.TraceID) {
	r.traceID = id
}

// SpanID returns the span ID or empty array.
func (r *Record) SpanID() trace.SpanID {
	return r.spanID
}

// SetSpanID sets the span ID.
func (r *Record) SetSpanID(id trace.SpanID) {
	r.spanID = id
}

// TraceFlags returns the trace flags.
func (r *Record) TraceFlags() trace.TraceFlags {
	return r.traceFlags
}

// SetTraceFlags sets the trace flags.
func (r *Record) SetTraceFlags(flags trace.TraceFlags) {
	r.traceFlags = flags
}

// Resource returns the entity that collected the log.
func (r *Record) Resource() *resource.Resource {
	return r.resource
}

// InstrumentationScope returns the scope that the Logger was created with.
func (r *Record) InstrumentationScope() instrumentation.Scope {
	if r.scope == nil {
		return instrumentation.Scope{}
	}
	return *r.scope
}

// Clone returns a copy of the record with no shared state. The original record
// and the clone can both be modified without interfering with each other.
func (r *Record) Clone() Record {
	res := *r
	res.back = slices.Clone(r.back)
	return res
}

func (r *Record) applyAttrLimitsAndDedup(attr log.KeyValue) log.KeyValue {
	attr.Value = r.applyValueLimitsAndDedup(attr.Value)
	return attr
}

func (r *Record) applyValueLimitsAndDedup(val log.Value) log.Value {
	switch val.Kind() {
	case log.KindString:
		s := val.AsString()
		if r.attributeValueLengthLimit >= 0 && len(s) > r.attributeValueLengthLimit {
			val = log.StringValue(truncate(r.attributeValueLengthLimit, s))
		}
	case log.KindSlice:
		sl := val.AsSlice()

		// First check if any limits need to be applied.
		if slices.ContainsFunc(sl, r.needsValueLimitsOrDedup) {
			// Create a new slice to avoid modifying the original.
			newSl := make([]log.Value, len(sl))
			for i, item := range sl {
				newSl[i] = r.applyValueLimitsAndDedup(item)
			}
			val = log.SliceValue(newSl...)
		}

	case log.KindMap:
		kvs := val.AsMap()
		var newKvs []log.KeyValue
		var dropped int

		if !r.allowDupKeys {
			// Deduplicate then truncate.
			// Do not do at the same time to avoid wasted truncation operations.
			newKvs, dropped = dedup(kvs)
			if dropped > 0 {
				logKeyValuePairDropped()
			}
		} else {
			newKvs = kvs
		}

		// Check if any attribute limits need to be applied.
		needsChange := false
		if dropped > 0 {
			needsChange = true // Already changed by dedup.
		} else {
			for _, kv := range newKvs {
				if r.needsValueLimitsOrDedup(kv.Value) {
					needsChange = true
					break
				}
			}
		}

		if needsChange {
			// Only create new slice if changes are needed.
			if dropped == 0 {
				// Make a copy to avoid modifying the original.
				newKvs = make([]log.KeyValue, len(kvs))
				copy(newKvs, kvs)
			}

			for i := range newKvs {
				newKvs[i] = r.applyAttrLimitsAndDedup(newKvs[i])
			}
			val = log.MapValue(newKvs...)
		}
	}
	return val
}

// needsValueLimitsOrDedup checks if a value would be modified by applyValueLimitsAndDedup.
func (r *Record) needsValueLimitsOrDedup(val log.Value) bool {
	switch val.Kind() {
	case log.KindString:
		return r.attributeValueLengthLimit >= 0 && len(val.AsString()) > r.attributeValueLengthLimit
	case log.KindSlice:
		if slices.ContainsFunc(val.AsSlice(), r.needsValueLimitsOrDedup) {
			return true
		}
	case log.KindMap:
		kvs := val.AsMap()
		if !r.allowDupKeys && len(kvs) > 1 {
			// Check for duplicates.
			hasDuplicates := func() bool {
				seen := getSeen()
				defer putSeen(seen)
				for _, kv := range kvs {
					if _, ok := seen[kv.Key]; ok {
						return true
					}
					seen[kv.Key] = struct{}{}
				}
				return false
			}()
			if hasDuplicates {
				return true
			}
		}
		for _, kv := range kvs {
			if r.needsValueLimitsOrDedup(kv.Value) {
				return true
			}
		}
	}
	return false
}

func (r *Record) dedupeBodyCollections(val log.Value) log.Value {
	switch val.Kind() {
	case log.KindSlice:
		sl := val.AsSlice()

		// Check if any nested values need deduplication.
		if slices.ContainsFunc(sl, r.needsBodyDedup) {
			// Create a new slice to avoid modifying the original.
			newSl := make([]log.Value, len(sl))
			for i, item := range sl {
				newSl[i] = r.dedupeBodyCollections(item)
			}
			val = log.SliceValue(newSl...)
		}

	case log.KindMap:
		kvs := val.AsMap()
		newKvs, dropped := dedup(kvs)

		// Check if any nested values need deduplication.
		needsValueChange := false
		for _, kv := range newKvs {
			if r.needsBodyDedup(kv.Value) {
				needsValueChange = true
				break
			}
		}

		if dropped > 0 || needsValueChange {
			// Only create new value if changes are needed.
			if dropped == 0 {
				// Make a copy to avoid modifying the original.
				newKvs = make([]log.KeyValue, len(kvs))
				copy(newKvs, kvs)
			}

			for i := range newKvs {
				newKvs[i].Value = r.dedupeBodyCollections(newKvs[i].Value)
			}
			val = log.MapValue(newKvs...)
		}
	}
	return val
}

// needsBodyDedup checks if a value would be modified by dedupeBodyCollections.
func (r *Record) needsBodyDedup(val log.Value) bool {
	switch val.Kind() {
	case log.KindSlice:
		if slices.ContainsFunc(val.AsSlice(), r.needsBodyDedup) {
			return true
		}
	case log.KindMap:
		kvs := val.AsMap()
		if len(kvs) > 1 {
			// Check for duplicates.
			hasDuplicates := func() bool {
				seen := getSeen()
				defer putSeen(seen)
				for _, kv := range kvs {
					if _, ok := seen[kv.Key]; ok {
						return true
					}
					seen[kv.Key] = struct{}{}
				}
				return false
			}()
			if hasDuplicates {
				return true
			}
		}
		for _, kv := range kvs {
			if r.needsBodyDedup(kv.Value) {
				return true
			}
		}
	}
	return false
}

// truncate returns a truncated version of s such that it contains less than
// the limit number of characters. Truncation is applied by returning the limit
// number of valid characters contained in s.
//
// If limit is negative, it returns the original string.
//
// UTF-8 is supported. When truncating, all invalid characters are dropped
// before applying truncation.
//
// If s already contains less than the limit number of bytes, it is returned
// unchanged. No invalid characters are removed.
func truncate(limit int, s string) string {
	// This prioritize performance in the following order based on the most
	// common expected use-cases.
	//
	//  - Short values less than the default limit (128).
	//  - Strings with valid encodings that exceed the limit.
	//  - No limit.
	//  - Strings with invalid encodings that exceed the limit.
	if limit < 0 || len(s) <= limit {
		return s
	}

	// Optimistically, assume all valid UTF-8.
	var b strings.Builder
	count := 0
	for i, c := range s {
		if c != utf8.RuneError {
			count++
			if count > limit {
				return s[:i]
			}
			continue
		}

		_, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s[i:])
		if size == 1 {
			// Invalid encoding.
			b.Grow(len(s) - 1)
			_, _ = b.WriteString(s[:i])
			s = s[i:]
			break
		}
	}

	// Fast-path, no invalid input.
	if b.Cap() == 0 {
		return s
	}

	// Truncate while validating UTF-8.
	for i := 0; i < len(s) && count < limit; {
		c := s[i]
		if c < utf8.RuneSelf {
			// Optimization for single byte runes (common case).
			_ = b.WriteByte(c)
			i++
			count++
			continue
		}

		_, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(s[i:])
		if size == 1 {
			// We checked for all 1-byte runes above, this is a RuneError.
			i++
			continue
		}

		_, _ = b.WriteString(s[i : i+size])
		i += size
		count++
	}

	return b.String()
}